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apprenticeship has been moving its first steps. Furthermore, the regional and
the national system have different ways of work; the first one is closer to the local
markets, while the latter is more centralised and most of the time it is not close
to the need of the job market. All these issue at the governance level leads to a
lack of strategic implementation of this type of apprenticeship.

Characteristics
This issue regards especially how employers understand this type of contract in
Italy. Indeed, it seems that most of the time they have different issues regarding
the management and the understanding of the double status of the apprentices
as students and workers. Also the legislation in this field seems to produce
results which are inconstant with the needs of the job market and the
companies that try to utilise this system.

Companies’ involvement
There are different issues regarding the educational path of students need to
undertake and the role of the companies. More precisely, there is a
misunderstanding between the in-company training and the actual work an
apprentice carries out. This is caused because most of the companies
understand the period of “formative training” as something that apprentices do
in VET schools or VET centers. Finally, companies have to confront themselves
with the challenge of how to organise the apprentices in the workplace, knowing
that they have to take into account the demanding tasks of inside the company
and the training in school apprentices still need to undertake. Therefore,
organise and calculate the time of an apprentice among actual work,
in-company training and formative training in schools gets a difficult issue to
solve.

Contents and results of the training
When it comes to the type 1 apprenticeship contract there are not precise
guidelines regarding the study plan, the final exam and how to adopt these ones
with the training plan of students.

There are four main obstacles related to the contents of the training:

· It is difficult to adopt and manage the training needed by students and the
needs of production of a company

· The in-company training is generally focused on the needs of the company
instead of addressing it to the needs of the job market

· The in-company training is usually carried out under the supervision of a
tutor and if this is a positive aspect in order to learn, it can become a problem
for students when it comes to differentiate between training and actual work,
especially in SMEs.

· Since there is not a strong relationship between VET schools and centers
and companies, it is difficult for the formers to define and manage an
apprenticeship path for students.

DELTA (2017-1-UK01-KA202-036810) IO3